Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation and Binge Eating

Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation and Binge Eating More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Binge eatingâ€"or bingeingâ€"is defined as eating a large volume of food at one time and feeling as if you have no control over the amount of food you consume. Binge eating disorder is often diagnosed when bingeing occurs at least once a week for three months.?? Many people regard binge eating as a relatively benign eating disorder, especially in comparison to the severe food restriction of anorexia or purging seen with bulimia. And some even believe that isolated episodes of binge eating arent harmful. But these assumptions arent necessarily true. Among other health concerns, a rare consequence of bingeing can be acute massive gastric dilatation, a condition that causes extreme distention of the stomach. If not quickly managed, the condition can result in death. Its important to understand this condition to fully grasp the impact of disordered eating like bingeing. The Differences Between Binge Eating and Overeating Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation Defined To understand acute massive gastric dilatation, it may be helpful to define key terms related to the condition: Gastric dilatation means enlargement or ballooning of the stomachIschemia means lack of blood flowNecrosis means death of, as in the death of cellsPerforation means tear, generally in body tissues Sometimes, the stomach may become so large that it occupies an area of the abdomen from the diaphragm to the pelvis and from the left side of the body to the right side of the body. Acute massive gastric dilatation occurs when there is extreme distention or enlargement of the stomach. While the condition is rare, it is encountered in several different scenarios. It can be a postoperative complication after abdominal surgery and it is sometimes seen in patients with disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, psychogenic polyphagia (extreme desire to eat), or trauma. The condition is dangerous because it can cause ischemia, necrosis, and perforation of the stomach. In most cases of acute massive gastric dilatation, surgery has been necessary to prevent or to treat the complications. Early diagnosis with prompt gastric decompression may avoid unnecessary surgery.?? Case Examples Though there is limited literature available, the case examples below illustrate the unexpected severity of acute massive gastric dilatation. In these examples, an episode of binge eating went wrong and triggered an urgent need for medical attention. Anorexia Nervosa A published case history provides details of a person with a history of anorexia nervosa.?? Study authors describe a 26-year-old female who came to the emergency department of Massachusetts General Hospital with symptoms that included abdominal pain and nausea. She had been unable to vomit for two hours. Her weight was in the low-normal BMI range and she was described as thin.   At first, she reported no significant abnormal eating preceding the onset of her pain. But she eventually disclosed a past history of anorexia nervosa, including bingeing and purging, which had occurred in her teens. She said she had gone four years without bingeing but then went on a one-hour binge preceding this presentation brought on by alcohol intoxication and stress. Medical intervention revealed that her gastric content included approximately two gallons of partially digested food. She was suffering from acute gastric dilatation with some necrosis â€" which can be fatal if not accurately and quickly diagnosed and treated. Stomach contents were surgically removed. The woman remained in the hospital for five days and had to maintain a liquid diet even after she was discharged. Eventually, she resumed a typical diet and has since reported no problems. However, if she had not come to the ER on the night of her binge eating episode, her outcome may have been dire. Study authors noted in their report that early surgical intervention is critical in preventing fatal complications.?? Bingeing and Excessive Exercise Another case report describes a 28-year-old female who came to the emergency room with sudden abdominal discomfort and pain. The cause of symptoms was not reported at the time of admission. Her weight was in the normal to low-normal BMI range. The woman was suffering from a massive dilatation of her stomach. She was admitted to the hospital and placed in intensive care. Medical evaluation revealed large amounts of undigested food that needed to be surgically removed. The patient eventually disclosed a history of an eating disorder since childhood. Binge episodes were often followed by compensatory behaviors including food restriction and excessive exercise. At the time of hospital admission, she had been experiencing daily binges (with purging) triggered by work stress. The woman was discharged 13 days after she first arrived at the hospital. She continued with psychiatric treatment that was initiated in the hospital. Authors of the report note that under similar conditions some patients do not recover and unfortunately pass away. They confirm the severity of this condition as well as the importance of adequate diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention.?? No Eating Disorder In 2016, medical experts published a report of a 17-year-old male with no history of an eating disorder.?? The young man came to the hospital with pain and distension in the abdomen area and a period of retching without vomiting. He had reportedly fasted about 24-hours for religious purposes. Then, he had a binge-like dinner on the night before he ended up in emergency medical treatment the following night. He was described as a “healthy boy” other than the abdominal issues. But he was suffering from acute gastric dilatation with ischemia and necrosis of the stomach wall. Medical intervention was required to remove about five liters of free fluid and undigested food in the abdominal cavity. This episode could have lead to death if the patient had not received a timely medical intervention. The case study authors note that the condition can occur even in those with no diagnosis of an eating disorder.?? These cases are just a few that have been reported in the medical literature. But they are good examples of why binge-eating is dangerous â€" even when just a single episode is involved. They are also important reminders that medical intervention is key for proper management, and in some cases, for survival. Causes and Risk Factors More research is needed to clarify the risks and causes of acute gastric dilatation. A person of any weight may be susceptible to acute massive gastric dilatation. Though there are some factors that may increase your risk of experiencing the condition. As indicated, binge eating puts you at risk. A higher chance of occurrence has been reported for those who currently have or have a history of an eating disorder versus those who don’t have that history. People who binge should be cautious of fasting and binge eating patterns accompanied by abdominal pain. Warning Signs of Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation Key symptoms to watch for include:NauseaVomitingAn inability to vomitBloating/distension in the abdomen areaSudden onset of abdominal pain If you notice any of these symptoms, immediate medical attention and treatment can be critical. If massive gastric dilatation is suspected, surgery may be required to avoid more severe complications including necrosis, perforation, shock, and death. Diagnostic Criteria for Eating Disorders A Word From Verywell Its not uncommon to have occasional episodes where you eat a little more than you had expected. Sometimes, it may lead to slight discomfort. But binge eating â€" an episode where overeating gets out of control â€" is different and can be serious. There can be sudden and severe consequences of bingeing. If you are someone who binges or if you have a loved one who binges, take steps to get help. You may help save a life by knowing about this rare but potentially deadly condition. Fortunately, successful treatments for binge eating disorder are available. Treatments for Binge Eating Disorder

Revolution is my Name An Egyptian Womans Diary in Tahrir - 550 Words

Revolution is my Name: An Egyptian Woman's Diary from 18 days in Tahrir (Essay Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameCourseDateRevolution is my name: An Egyptian woman's diary from 18days in Tahrir.Prince, the author is an associate professor at Suez Canal University. She is an established writer, and this book is a first-hand experience detailing the fall of dictator Mohamed Morsi though democratically elected. The army in Egypt is in charge of his ousting taking the nation back to dictatorship though the generals claim that they are reconciling the country. Mona Prince has many titles depending on who you talk to; she is a writer, activist and academic and former presidential candidate. She is a fiction writer and translator and has written several books some of them are Suitcases for departure, the last prince of Clay among others. The book was released in 2011 by the American University in Cairo. Prince writing career began in the 90s after graduating from Aims Shams University where she studied English literature. Her writing c areer was influenced by many people among them her lecturer, RadwaAshour, who was a leftist. Prince was doing short stories about Egypt in 2011 before Mubarak falls, but she says the 18days before Mubarak's fall were transformational. These eighteen days changed Prince from an academic to a political activist and this is evidenced in this book Revolution is my name which is ismiThwwra in Arabic.This book offers a clear understanding to the eighteen days before the fall of Mubarak, she considers newspaper compilations, poetry, and dialogue and interviewing of protagonists, police, and other protestors. Prince felt this a moment in history that she needed to put it in writing lest people forget these revolutionary happenings. Prince also felt a compelled urge to tell her experiences during this period thus the book Revolution is my name. Prince in this revolution is my name book does not seek to predict the future or place certain contexts as they should be she tells the day to day li fe experiences of the protest. From her narration of these day to day experiences we can understand various struggles that protesters had to go through be sleeping at the Merit publishing house as well as family square. Prince through her vivid narration of these escapades she describes the divide in Cairene society but in a very humorous manner. The protests started off with a lot of hope and optimism from the people but slipped slowly into a military dictatorship engineered by General Abdul Fattah. This violence repression experienced within this period was fatal as it led to deaths to the protesters engaging the police. From a neutral view, these killings were one too many and made it resulted in many people questioning the big picture of the revolution. The military mistreated the civilians and the optimism that they had when they started the protests was quickly forgotten.Prince gives a personal and first-hand account of the revolution providing a much-needed texture as opposed to many other scholarly works done regarding this revolution. Many have considered these other accounts of the revolution as dry and lacking in the narration mostly due to lack of the first-hand information. The title is itself deliberate to connect the personal and political accounts, Prince describes the political situation from bottom to the top. She gives a vivid account of this political revolution from an academic view as well as political view as an activist and the challenges the protesters face in such unfriendly environment. The memoir is a deep insight into the happenings during the eighteen days of the change; Prince carries on a theme of the role of social media during revolutions. The writer is considering two sides of the divide in Egypt that is the military and the protesters. The protests started out as an email circulation to the people on the eve of the uprising. Prince cites this message delivery channel as very powerful and efficient in the present world. The e mail had clear and precise instructions to the people those that were to be out on the streets and the ones that were to stay behind and watch from the comfort of their homes. The privileged people were asked to stay away from the protests explaining that in cases of protests the privileged class usually rebels. Prince is fascinated by this particular revolution as ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s different from all the other that has ever happened in the world. The strength of social media clearly is a spellbound to any observer; there has not been a high usage of social media platform as evidenced in this case of Egypt. As a matter of fact, online meetings to plan for the protests were held on Facebook and twitter handles. Prince notes that she has not heard or seen a revolution that operates a Twitter handle or a Facebook page, this in itself was legendary and revolutionary. There is a close comparison to the Iranian revolution of 1979 where the uprising was started off by cassette tape. The socia l media was not only crucial to this Egyptian revolution but the whole Arab Spring uprising. Analysts have on several occasions concluded that indeed social media enhanced the quiet revolution of castigates the Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg as an outside force behind this transformation, they claim the uprising had an outside hand away from the Arab world. They firmly believed that the West was the single prime mover of these happenings, and they had a hidden agenda of asserting their power once more in the Arab world by triggering peace and installing their favored leaders. This school of thought further compare Mark Zuckerberg to modern day Lawrence of Arabia by drawing comparisons on each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s roles in revolutions. The book revolution is my name emphasizes the crucial role of social media in revolutions and more often quotes Facebook usage during this revolution. The use of social media and especially Facebook played a very critical role to the fall of Mubarak, th e leader who had been viewed as indispensable in the eyes of many Egyptians. Social media was another option for finding information which was very efficient and timely. It was free of government interference and manipulation thus serving the masses very efficiently. The government at first also underplayed the power of social media and at first did tiny to contain it wrong usage to spread messages of anti-government.Prince is highly critical of the mainstream media terming them as corrupt and ignorant and fail to understand how they owned all the television channels in Egypt. She views these owners as illiterate and unprofessional and not fit to own the television channels. Prince is often quoting social media as a very sharp tool and an alternative to the mainstream media. She says that in average revolutions the organizers spread flyers at night but in this particular one things were quite different as meetings were held on BBM. The protests had Facebook pages such as we are all Khaled said, and these simple but powerful messages brought down Hosni Mubarak, a dictator that was too powerful to be fallen by social media, so they thought. Prince further explains this powerful tool in Facebook via jokes when she narrates of a joke that Mubarak would be ridiculed by both Nasser and Sadat when he reaches heaven. They would be concerned how he joined them, whether he was poisoned like Abdel Nasser or was it by assassination like Sadat but he would answer none of those, but his reply would be "Facebook à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Abdel Nasser would both burst in laughter wondering how Facebook could kill someone and indeed not just someone but a great president of Egypt. Mubarak would be at pains explaining to these two how he fell to social media in the name of Facebook.The book revolution is my name gives an authoritative account of the military in Egypt and how the people held it in very high regard since 1973 after winning against Israel. Prince elaborates this relationship between the army and the people apparently and the respect they have earned to the people. Prince also has deep respect for the military and those in particular soldiers who lost their lives during the war against Israel noting that every time she drives past their graves she salutes these martyrs. However she is not sure whether all this respect will be reciprocated at Tahir square when protesters meet to oust Mubarak or they will turn against them and support the government. Prince is also one of the protesters and she too feels that enough is enough and that its time Mubarak quits leadership. The protesters are in agreement with the police and are on the same side; they take selfies con top of the army tankers. Prince enjoys these episodes by her narration by telling how they flirted with one officer to the point of embarrassing him, but they didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t realize he was an officer at first. Both the army and the protesters were very cautious of the relationship they had no s ide wanted to hurt the other.The Army wanted to develop a political institution while the protesters wanted to make friends with the military, they knew too well that enmity with the army would spell doom to their revolution plan. The command relationship seems to remain as it were before the protests despite various laxatives. During the protests, the military did not intervene when Mubarak goons invaded Tahir during protests and beat up some of the people protesting. The army reputation remains unaltered after the whole debacle, and the respect they had earned since the war with Israel is left intact according to Prince. In celebration, Prince writes that she stood between two soldiers on a tanker and took pictures she explains that she felt joy for Mubarakà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s fall. Prince being an activist herself does not hide the...